1

●語態(tài)的分類●

語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示句子之中主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者(或執(zhí)行者)。

例如：Many people speak English nowadays.

(speak 的動(dòng)作是由主語 many people 來執(zhí)行的)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。

例如：English is spoken by many people nowadays.

(主語 English 是動(dòng)詞 speak 的承受者)

2

●各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)●

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語 +am/is/ are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

Our classroom is cleaned every day.

2.一般過去時(shí)：主語 +was/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

The clothes were washed two hours ago.

3.一般將來時(shí)：主語 +will/ shall be+ 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

The meeting will be held in three hours.

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語 +am/is/ are being+ 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

The piano is being repaired by one of my father’s friends.

5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語 +was / were being+ 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

The problem was being discussed when I came in.

The movie has been watched three times.

7.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

Before the police arrive, no one could be allowed to leave.

3

●被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法●

1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰或沒有必要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

例如：The glass was broken just now.

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：Your homework must be finished on time.

4

●主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法●

Step1: 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)句子的主語

Step2: 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的謂語變?yōu)?be+ 動(dòng)詞過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu) (此處 be 有時(shí)態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化)

Step3: 主語變?yōu)?by+sb.結(jié)構(gòu), sb.用賓格 (by sb.可省略)

5

●不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況●

1.不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

例如：The sun rises from the east.

2.表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

如 begin, start, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。

例如：The TV program begins at 8 o’clock.

3.賓語是反身代詞、相互代詞、同源賓語時(shí)，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

例如：We should help each other.

4. 一部分及物動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的有 fit, have, wish, cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, lack, own 等。

例如：He has a big house.

5.一些短語動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如 break out, take place, come true, belong to, consist of, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in 等。

例如：The old woman is suffering from a serious illness these days.

6.不定式作定語與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式。

例如：I have something interesting to say.

7.一部分形容詞后接不定式做狀語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式。常見的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, nice, kind 等。

例如：The problem is easy to solve.

6

●被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義●

短語 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married 等雖是被動(dòng)形式，但表示主動(dòng)含義。

例如：He is prepared for an important test.

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